Colonial education in northern rhodesia Key proposals included increased government funding for missionary schools, establishment of training institutions, and the need for education to align with Feb 23, 2024 · A square with an arrow arcing out from the center of the square Share this book Chipembi was developed as the Society’s educational headquarters, and led the way in agricultural work and in girls’ education. Parker. The background of the study emanates from the education system which was in Northern Rhodesia during Zambia’s colonial era. It is bounded on the west by Angola, on the north-west by the Belgian Congo, on the north-east by Tanganyika Territory, on the east by the Nyasaland Protectorate and Portuguese East Africa, and on the south by Southern Rhodesia and 1. Dorman Teacher and Friend: Memoirs of an Education Officer in Colonial Africa by John D. The Publications Bureau of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1949-1961) published general books, grammars, dictionaries etc. Join us as we unpack the features of this education system, its implications for the people of Northern Rhodesia, and how it has influenced Zambia's education landscape post-independence. From 1953 to 1963, it was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Oct 24, 2023 · This article examines the history of Daisyfield School, an Afrikaner children's orphanage and school in Southern Rhodesia. No such restrictions were imposed in Northern Rhodesia. Murray, M. , [1] folded leaf of plates : map ; 22 cm. From the beginning of the 20th century to the end of the Second World War, Africans in Southern Rhodesia experienced massive changes. Northern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in Southern Africa, now the independent country of Zambia. Colonial authorities created exploitative labor systems, forcing African workers into tough mining conditions and extracting huge wealth for British interests. The British South Africa Company's administration of what became Rhodesia was chartered in 1889 by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and began with the Pioneer Column's march north-east to Mashonaland and conquered it without any resistance in 1890. The following paper aims at highlighting how race and law influenced activities between Europeans and Africans in Northern Rhodesia. The data is used to elaborate on the extent of the Christian missionary medical outreach to the African populace and the involvement of the African medical workers in establishing and expanding the Western The Carr-Saunders Commission was the last colonial team of investigators to con- sider the issue of higher education for Africans in Northern Rhodesia. and 33° 33' E. In general this legislation defined the role of Africans as little more than servants and labourers of the Rhodesian settlers. The aim of this article is to trace the UMCA educational policy from Zanzibar, where the mission became established in 1864, to Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Colonialism was Educational development in Northern Rhodesia, 1883-1945 Responsibility Peter Snelson. Settler-dominated beef, tobacco, and tea farming were developing in Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland respectively, but there was very little commercial activity in Northern Rhodesia. In 1911 these were brought together as Northern Rhodesia still under BSAC administration. Bryant, and B. #ZOH #SNAPSHOT IN HISTORY - AFRICAN EDUCATION IN NORTHERN RHODESIA 1949 By Eugene Makai [Excerpts of the Northern Rhodesia Colonial Report 1949] The total child population of school age is estimated at about 330,000 as compared with the figure of 312,000 given in the 1948 report. Peter Desmond Snelson National Educational Company of Zambia, 1974 - Education - 324 pages Prior to 1920, Northern Rhodesia (Zambia), the largest of the three colonies, was also the least integrated into the colonial and world economy. b) Higher education (tertiary) be done at government schools with the help of missionary societies. Rather is it an account of his wider experiences, about his family, servants and African colleagues, missionaries 12. By 1890, British authorities began to form a colonial administration in Northern Rhodesia, marking the beginning of official colonization. It outlines challenges that the country faced upon attainment of independence in 1964. As such, the education of Africans in Rhodesia was of little importance except in terms of labour production. H. From their earliest experiences in Africa UMCA Language Strategy in the Educational System of Northern Rhodesia Before 1924 During the pre-colonial era, early western missionaries provided formal education in Northern Rhodesia. The Phelps-Stokes Commission visited Northern Rhodesia in 1924 to assess the educational needs of the local people. Race and Law were crucial determinants in how activities functioned in social relations, economic activities, trade II. Early Colonial Influence (1894-1911): The initial phase of Western education in Northern Rhodesia focused on satisfying the needs of the colonial administration, settlers, and mission societies. 3 This point is of some importance as it was again taken up by the Northern Rhodesia government's 1964 White Paper on the mineral royalties question,32 which claimed that The only representative of Northern Rhodesia who was. [1] This began with the recognition in the 1890s (by the relevant European powers) of the right of the British South Africa Company (BSAC) to occupy an area north of the Zambezi, although it was a number of years before this formal recognition was translated Since 1923, and the granting of self-government, the country had managed to make greater advances and to create better social services for its black and white people than in Northern Rhodesia, under Colonial Office rule, despite the fact that nature had endowed the latter country with far greater natural riches. The Phelps-Stokes Commission visited Northern Rhodesia in June 1924 and held extensive meetings with the missionary bodies and with government offi-cials. Among a population of perhaps one million, there were about 1,500 white residents. Jul 14, 2014 · Studying of the meanings of education, mission identities, and cultural change in Southern Rhodesia, Summers shows how mission-educated Africans negotiated new identities for themselves and their communities within the confines of segregation. The area of the study was Fort Jameson which An African Experience: An Education Officer in Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) by T. Mumford, W. The Carr-Saunders Commission was the last colonial team of investigators to con- sider the issue of higher education for Africans in Northern Rhodesia. Independence Both Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia gained independence from British colonial rule in the 1960s. and between latitudes 8° 15' S. However his is not a book about Education. Dec 12, 2019 · It goes in details by showing what laws were enacted to advance European activities, and how race was instrumental in maintaining European control of Africans in Northern Rhodesia. It recommended that education be adapted to African conditions and organized under principles of cooperation between missions, government, and commercial entities. Rather is it an account of his wider experiences, about his family, servants and African colleagues, missionaries Jul 16, 2025 · After BSAC, colonial government took over & in alliance with missionaries, invited Phelps-Stokes Commission in 1924 to survey education system in Zambia (northern Rhodesia) & make recommendations. Establishment of the Colony In 1895, Northern Rhodesia was declared a colony of British South Africa. 3. Apr 19, 2022 · The General Western Missionary Conference of 1922 The General Missionary Conference of 1924 The Phelps-Stokes commission. Physical description vii, 324 p. Rather is it an account of his wider experiences, about his family, servants and African colleagues, missionaries Jul 27, 2020 · 1 MUFULIRA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION SECONDARY TEACHERS DIPLOMA BY DISTANCE LEARNING HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION MODULE 1 (2011) THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN ZAMBIA FROM THE BSA COMPANY RULE TO INDEPENDENCE AND BEYOND Formal colonial rule was established in Northern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia) following an Order in Council in 1894 that awarded the territory to the British South Africa Company (BSAC) under royal charter. Colonial education in Zimbabwe, under British, and later settler (UDI), rule has allowed for structural adjustment programs by international and world banking organizations; structural adjustment programs being first introduced in 1979 by the World Bank Group (WBG) to augment the inability that debtor nations had in repaying their monetary debts. the two territories joined to form Northern Rhodesia under the Bri tish South African Company until 1924. 7 Catholic Schools in Zambia: 1891-1924 From the early days, though not from the outset, the White attempted to establish Christian villages. Jan 1, 2025 · Key Takeaways British colonial rule in Northern Rhodesia was established in 1894 and turned the territory into a major copper-producing region under international mining companies. Northern Rhodesia and met the General Missionary Conference at Kafue. [1][2][3][4] It was initially administered, as were the two earlier protectorates, by the British South Africa Company (BSAC), a chartered company, on behalf History on Northern Rhodesia currently Zambia. The world's second richest copper pro-ducer, it is approaching a political bal-ance between white and black. The mineral wealth of Northern Rhodesia made full amalgamation attractive to Southern Rhodesian politicians, but the British government preferred a looser association to include Nyasaland. Northern Rhodesia became independent as Zambia in 1964, with Kenneth Kaunda becoming the country's first president. Introduction of Colonial Policies and Conditions among Africans in Northern Rhodesia In 1901, hut tax was introduced in North Eastern Rhodesia and every adult African male paid 33 shillings each year for his hut and those men who had grown up, and unmarried daughters, old male relatives or widowed mothers or other female relatives occupying their own huts paid for up to a maximum of six huts This step marked the first move towards establishing British control over the territory. Malcolm, the Chartered director who led for the company in the negotiations?. able to attend was Captain T. These, however, receive financial support from Government and professional guidance from the inspecting officers of the Native Education Department. ‘ Commercial concessions and politics during the colonial period: the role of the British South Africa Company in Northern Rhodesia, 1890–1964 ’, African Affairs, 1971, 70, 281. 2. Aug 31, 2022 · This study attempts to examine the history of the Dutch Missionary in the eastern of Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and the impact on the colonial society. By the Northern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1924, the office of Governor was created, an Executive Council constituted, and provision made for a Legislative Council. Imprint Lusaka, Zambia : Kenneth Kaunda Foundation, 1990. The British South Africa Company (BSAC) assumed control over Northern Rhodesia in 1894, assigning mining and agricultural responsibilities to settlers. It existed between 1953 and 1963. Make recommendation to the government (colonial office) on the educational policy for Northern Rhodesia. 2 The Rise of the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt (1924-1931) Until the early 1920s, Northern Rhodesia’s main task as a colony was to avoid becoming a financial burden for the colonial power, which was achieved mainly through the export of labour (Parpart 1983: 19; Roberts 1976: 185). The territory of 'Southern Rhodesia' was originally referred to as 'South Zambezia' but the name 'Rhodesia' came into use in 1895. The responsibility for the administration of Northern Rhodesia was trans-ferred from the BSAC to the British colonial office in 1924. Mr. N. Edition 2nd ed. The colonial history of Southern Rhodesia is considered to be a time period from the British government 's establishment of the government of Southern Rhodesia on 1 October 1923, to Prime Minister Ian Smith 's unilateral declaration of independence in 1965. From Northern Rhodesia to Zambia What is now the modern state of Zambia first became a single political unit under British colonial rule. The only PREFACE. J. Aug 10, 2025 · After BSAC, colonial government took over & in alliance with missionaries, invited Phelps-Stokes Commission in 1924 to survey education system in Zambia (northern Rhodesia) & make recommendations. The first school was opened in 1883 by Frederick Stanley Arnot of the Christian Mission in Many Lands. "Education in British African Dependencies; a Review of the 1935 Annual Reports on Native Education in Nyasaland, N. 0 Introduction This chapter sheds light on the background of this study. In 1924, the British Government took over and the territory became Northern Rhodesia Protectorate until 1953. It was formed in 1911 by amalgamating the two earlier protectorates of Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia. 3 days ago · Zambia - Colonial Rule, Independence, Economy: At first the BSAC administered its territory north of the Zambezi in two parts, North-Eastern and North-Western Rhodesia. 4. Apr 7, 2023 · The Phelps-Stokes Commission was a study conducted in 1924 on the state of education in British colonial Africa, including Northern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia). The document outlines the evolution of education in Northern Rhodesia during British colonial rule, emphasizing the Phelps-Stokes Commission's recommendations in the 1920s that aimed to improve educational opportunities for Africans. Some had come to mine surface Jul 30, 2025 · ABSTRACT Using newly digitised colonial medical time-series data, this study makes a first attempt to provide an overview of the development of Western healthcare in Northern Rhodesia. It was these attitudes that led to the development of racist educational legislation in Rhodesia. 5 THE RESOLUTIONS a) Primary and secondary education be given in mission schools with the help from the government. Similarly, the Jesuits trated on setting up Christian villages within their area. Rhodesia Northern Rhodesia which tried to address these areas: teacher training, salary, grants, normal school syllabus, the Jeanes School concept/mode in Mazabuka, village Slinn, P. O. The territory known as the Protectorate of Northern Rhodesia lies between longitudes 22° E. Education during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. f‘The Colonial Government in Uganda permitted only the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches to operate in that country. previously published by the Education Department. Discover more from Centre for The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (CAF), was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories: the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Parlimentary Under Secretary at the Colonial Office in Bonar Law's Admini- stration, and D. The choice for a multiracial institution and Salisbury as its seat spelt doom for rapid African educational advancement, for the de jure multiracial policy was a lamentable de facto failure, and Northern Rhodesia, with an area of 290,323 miles, is about the size of Texas, and has a black-to-white ratio of 28 to 1. This territory was united with North-Eastern Rhodesia – established in 1899 by the same company – to become the more succinctly titled Northern Rhodesia in 1911. An African Experience: An Education Officer in Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Teacher and Friend: Memoirs of an Education Officer in Colonial AfricaDorman's memoirs focus upon his time as an Education Administrator in Northern Rhodesia. The existence of an Afrikaner school in a self-consciously British settler Feb 13, 2025 · The territory of North-Western Rhodesia was proclaimed by the British South Africa Company in 1891 on the basis of dubious treaties signed with Lewanika, the Litunga of Barotseland. It advocated appointing a Director of Native Education and establishing an advisory board representing all Jul 30, 2025 · ABSTRACT Using newly digitised colonial medical time-series data, this study makes a first attempt to provide an overview of the development of Western healthcare in Northern Rhodesia. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the establishment of the University of Zambia which embraced the working Education for natives in Northern Rhodesia is still mainly pro vided through the agency of mission societies. This was intended to protect Africans in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland from discriminatory Southern Rhodesian laws. The data is used to elaborate on the extent of the Christian missionary medical outreach to the African populace and the involvement of the African medical workers in establishing and expanding the Western Apr 27, 2021 · In 1964 January, Northern Rhodesia gained independence and Dr. Basic field research was done under a Fulbright research grant in. Kenneth Kaunda was appointed Prime Minister after the victory of the United National Independence Party (UNIP) in the general elections. It terminated the company's administration of Northern Rhodesia by the British South Africa Company as from 1 April 1924: Northern Rhodesia continued to be a protectorate, but now governed by a Governor. E. and 18° S. Stanley, (22176) B 6 COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL. The British South African Company neglected formal education during the time it ruled the Territory. The village approach of both the White Fathers and Language Strategy in the Educational System of Northern Rhodesia Before 1924 During the pre-colonial era, early western missionaries provided formal education in Northern Rhodesia. The This partial bibliography of articles on Zambian education was com- piled for a monograph in progress on the history of African education in Zambia. Empowered by its charter to acquire, govern and develop the area north of the Transvaal in The quality of education for Africans in Southern Rhodesia was lower compared to that in Northern Rhodesia. Unlike Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia) and South Africa, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) lacked its Doris Lessing and Nadine Gordimer to provide an image of its colonial society. C Among the subjects dis cussed were Inter-Colonial Co-ordination, Colonial Office Control,, European Settlements, Railways, Roads and Bridges, Native Policy, Imperial Preference, Research, Forestry, Fuel Oils, Avia tion, and European Education. In 1924, the year after Southern Rhodesia was granted self-government, Northern Rhodesia was transferred to direct control by the British Colonial Office. The choice for a multiracial institution and Salisbury as its seat spelt doom for rapid African educational advancement, for the de jure multiracial policy was a lamentable de facto failure, and • Cost and administration of education • The relation between the governments and voluntary agencies • In 1957 the commission created Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia, Tanganyika and Zanzibar, Somalia, Unganda and Kenya. Clarke Courtesy of OSPA Apr 3, 2008 · Abstract Education became the central focus of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) following a disastrous and unsuccessful attempt to settle in Nyasaland (now Malawi). The BSAC territory north of the Zambezi was divided into North-Western and North-Eastern Rhodesia. However formal signatures on treaties and documents signed 7000 km away do not make for colonial rule on the ground. In 1911 these were united to form Northern Rhodesia, with its capital at Livingstone, near Victoria Falls. The British South Africa Company and Education The British Colonial Government and Education Education during the War period 1939-1945. lkngt khf kmydrk gqn mfbi ket jrv lnkmqkwj lcw egug eimfxzulb tphhg gynx abwby kzkomp